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This module aims to present, discuss, and criticize some of the main philosophical achievements of five canonical figures in early modern philosophy: René Descartes (1596–1650), Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), George Berkeley (1685–1753), and David Hume (1711–1776), in the context of the new philosophical and scientific discourse of the 17th and 18th centuries. We shall examine their contributions to the formation of different aspects of modernity, on the one hand, and their critique of the ‘men of the schools’ (i.e., contemporary scholastic philosophers and their ‘traditional methods’), on the other hand.
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