* Cavadino, J., and Dignan, J. (2008) Penal Systems: A Comparative Approach. London: Sage Publications. Chapters 12-15.
* Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (2015) Youth Crime and Justice. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Chapters 1, 5, 7, 8 and 12.
* Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (eds) (2009) Youth Crime and Juvenile Justice Volume 1: The ‘Youth Problem’. London: Sage. Chapters 10, 16 and selected excerpts.
* Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (eds) (2009) Youth Crime and Juvenile Justice Volume 2: Youth Corrections. London: Sage. Chapters 22, 28, 32 and 33.
* Kilkelly, U. (2006) Tough Lives, Rough Justice: Youth Justice. Irish Academic Press. Chapters 1-4 and 6.
* Kilkelly, U. (2008) Children’s Rights in Ireland: Law, Policy and Practice. Haywards Heath: Tottel Publishing. Chapters 1,2 and 13.
* Students will be provided with supplementary materials on moodle (Maynooth University’s Virtual Learning Environment).