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Whereas Marx’s critique of religion is well known and the connection of his concept of alienation with the philosophies of Hegel and Feuerbach, through an examination of his famous Theses on Feuerbach, we will trace the link both in Marx’s earlier writings as well as his later writings with the Enlightenment critique of religion. We will examine the rise of atheism (and the reaction to it), in such movements as Positivism and Existentialism. Conclusions will be drawn in relation to ongoing critical discussions in contemporary thought such as those related to evolutionary biology
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