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This module introduces students to different positions of life philosophy with a focus on the 19th and early 20th century where the importance of life as an independent principle and main focus of philosophy is being restablished. Interpreting life philosophy in a wider sense, we will 1) discuss some idea of the precursors (such as, e.g., Nietzsche), 2) the main positions as emerging in the early 20th century in both life philosophy and vitalism (such as, e.g. Dilthey, Bergson, Simmel, Ortega y Gasset) and 3) critical positions of life philosophy (such as, e.g., Lukács). It will finish with some contemporary reflections such as on the relation of transhumanism to life philosophy and the possibilities of a new life philosophy in the 21st century (Nehamas, Morioka) all the while maintaining our focus on the emerging key problems such as the roles and importance of life, intuitive knowledge, subjectivity, becoming and (self)creation.
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